Adverse events following COVID-19 vaccination among pregnant women attending primary health centers: An active-surveillance study.

Introduction: Vaccine safety is a major barrier to the uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine by pregnant women. To bring confidence among pregnant women towards vaccine intake, there is a need to synthesize evidence on safety profile of vaccination. Objective: To assess adverse events (AEs) following COVID-19 vaccination among pregnant women. Materials and methods: A vaccine safety surveillance was conducted at 2 rural primary health centers (PHC) located in Anantapur District, India. A total of 420 pregnant women were monitored for AEs following COVID-19 vaccination for a period of 30 min and followed for 1 month for late reactions through telephonic interviews. All AEs were subjected to causality and severity assessment. Descriptive statistics were used to represent adverse events. Results: The COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rate among pregnant women was 64.4%. A total of 420 pregnant women received 670 vaccine doses (Covishield = 372, Covaxin = 298) against COVID-19. Majority of vaccine intake was observed during the second trimester. The incidence rate of AEs following the COVID-19 vaccine among pregnant women was 93.8%, and the majority include injection site pain (28.4%, 29.6%), fever (25.5%, 19.0%), myalgia (8.21%, 12.3%), and malaise (13.6%, 8.4%). Most AEs notified are probable and mild in nature. Conclusion: The COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rate among pregnant women was 64.4%. A 30 days incidence rate of AEs following COVID-19 vaccination among pregnant women was 93.8%, with the most common mild events like injection site pain, and fever. A further follow-up cohort study by taking an adequate sample size was recommended to capture fetal-maternal outcomes.

Introducción: La seguridad de la vacuna es una barrera importante para la adopción de la vacuna COVID-19 por parte de las mujeres embarazadas. Para llevar confianza entre las mujeres embarazadas hacia la ingesta de vacunas, es necesario sintetizar la evidencia sobre el perfil de seguridad de la vacunación. Objetivo: Evaluar los eventos adversos (EA) después de la vacunación contra la COVID-19 en mujeres embarazadas. Materiales y métodos: Se llevó a cabo una vigilancia de la seguridad de las vacunas en dos centros rurales de atención primaria de salud (PHC) ubicados en el distrito de Anantapur, India. Un total de 420 mujeres embarazadas fueron monitoreadas para detectar EA después de la vacunación COVID-19 durante un período de 30 minutos y seguidas durante un mes para detectar reacciones tardías a través de entrevistas telefónicas. Todos los EA se sometieron a una evaluación de causalidad y gravedad. Se utilizaron estadísticas descriptivas para representar los eventos adversos. Resultados: La tasa de aceptación de la vacuna COVID-19 entre las mujeres embarazadas fue del 64,4%. Un total de 420 mujeres embarazadas recibieron 670 dosis de vacunas (Covishield = 372, Covaxin = 298) contra COVID-19. La mayoría de la ingesta de vacunas se observó durante el segundo trimestre. La tasa de incidencia de EA después de la vacuna COVID-19 entre las mujeres embarazadas fue del 93,8%, y la mayoría incluye dolor en el lugar de la inyección (28,4%, 29,6%), fiebre (25,5%, 19,0%), mialgia (8,21%, 12,3%) y malestar general (13,6%, 8,4%). La mayoría de los EA notificados son de naturaleza probable y leve. Conclusión: La tasa de aceptación de la vacuna COVID-19 entre las mujeres embarazadas fue del 64,4%. Una tasa de incidencia de EA a 30 días después de la vacunación contra COVID-19 entre las mujeres embarazadas fue del 93,8%, con los eventos leves más comunes como dolor en el lugar de la inyección y fiebre. Se recomendó un estudio de cohorte de seguimiento adicional mediante la toma de un tamaño de muestra adecuado para capturar los resultados maternos fetales.

Country Wise Measures in Contrast to The Spread of SARS-COV2/COVID-19

Based on published data on preventive strategies adopted by some of the major countries to prevent the spread of COVID-19 or SARS-COV 2, the major idea behind undertaking the study was to get a reality check on the preventive strategies undertaken by the different governments to prevent the spread of the virus via direct or indirect humanistic, strategic, monetary customs, and in the path of implementation and outcomes, what were the lessons learned and strategically implemented innovative ways to overcome the drawbacks1. Based on the published data from the source Worldometer 2019 revision, the selected countries undertook various measures to prevent the spread of the virus whose data was collected from the official websites of the CDC (centre for disease control), WHO (World Health Organisation), KMPG global, Pubmed, and the web of science databases. The export of products like medicine, fuel, and equipment for medical use was prohibited. 75% capacity for public transport, wearing face masks, restrictions on gatherings and crew rotations were implemented8. Australia: The Australian government took measures like physical distancing, lockdown restrictions, closing borders, international flights, non-essential services, and schools. "australia.gov.au", the COVID safe app, corona virus Australia app, Australian government WhatsApp channel, toll free number "000", and COVID-19 symptom checker for medical help were established9.